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Alright. If you are 1969-ish, then, I have a lot of things that might help. Let's see here... Remove lead from gasoline/petrol; engine knock can be solved by higher octane and eventually electronic fuel injection and variable valve timing, and leaded gasoline is a public health crisis. Reduce use of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigerants and aerosols, which deplete the ozone layer, contributing to the Ozone Hole over Antarctica discovered in 1985.
Alright, big planetary events. 1976 Tangshan China Earthquake; 1980 huge eruption with Mt. St. Helens; Huge earthquake hits Mexico City in 1985. Extremely strong El Nino event, uh an oceanic-atmospheric oscillation event in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, in 1997 and 1998. European heat wave in 2003. Huge Indian Ocean earthquake and Tsunami in 2004. Haiti earthquake in 2010.
Do NOT ignore warnings on human-caused climate change via greenhouse gasses, and invest heavily in attempts to mitigate them. Transition to renewable energy sources as soon as possible. Man-made climate change is an existential threat.
Technologically, silicon-based semiconductors will be huge. Optical computing is more niche, and it makes sense to go all-in with traditional methods for a very, very long time. Invest more in microchip research. Packet Switching, involving breaking down data into packets before sending them to their destination via the most efficient route, is foundational for developing the Internet, a worldwide network of computer networks.
In medicine, focus on the importance of vaccinations and the establishment of global health monitoring systems to quickly identify and respond to emerging infectious diseases, preventing pandemics.
In material science, explore the potential of carbon fiber and composite materials for their strength and lightweight properties. Experiment with photocatalysis using titanium dioxide for breaking down pollutants under UV light, helpful in environmental cleanup.
Supersonic passenger airliners is a bit of a technological dead end. Spaceplanes are probably going to be more trouble than they're worth, and computation techniques makes some aspects of them possible with rockets. Anyone saying Cold Fusion is possible is lying to you. It will likely take decades from the time Virtual Reality is possible in a basic way for it to actually be worthwhile.
Focus investment in nuclear energy into Small Modular Reactors with heavy passive safety systems reliant on physical principles. Relevant designs are Light Water Reactors, High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors, Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactors, Molten Salt Reactors, but you should maybe be hesitant at using Fast Neutron Reactors, and especially hesitant in designing fast breeder reactors.
Renewable energy, invest heavily in investigating Perovskite materials for solar cells, and bifacial solar cells -- get energy from both sides --, and investigate floating solar farms. Wind farms can also be offshore as well. Wave Energy Collectors are profoundly more difficult to make work than the other two, and might not be worth immediate investment. For battery technology, in addition to Lithium-Ion, investigate Lithium-Iron-Phosphate batteries. Investigate options for solid-state batteries, the lowest hanging fruit is probably Sulfide-Based, Polymer, and Lithium Iron Phosphate for the Electrolyte, Interfacial layer, and cathode, respectively.
Agriculture, it's important to adopt sustainable agriculture practices. Some ideas are no-till farming to reduce soil erosion, integrated pest management to prevent pests via biological control and habitat manipulation rather than just chemical pesticides, a greater focus on polyculture and growing multiple crops in the same space, improve use of drip irrigation for managing water scarcity, and researching more soil biology to prioritize soil health is vital in encouraging sustainable farming practices.
Invest in urban green spaces and rooftop gardens, use of distributed, decentralized, renewable energy microgrids, plastic recycling and upcycling, precision agriculture, the use of passive solar design in buildings, like with thermal mass use. It's vitally important to maintain ecological diversity, and you might be neglecting things like, say, wetland area restoration, or land use policies which limit development in sensitive areas. Habitat preservation and wildlife reserves are vital. Promote transit-oriented development and urban density and minimize suburban sprawl. Provide public funding for research into lab-grown cultured meat and plant-based meat alternatives, to limit factory farming of animals.
Aircraft, investigate Hybrid Airships that use a combination of lifting-body design, direct thrust, possibly with hybrid electric/fossil fuel engines, and helium. Computing advancements and Computational Fluid Dynamics and composite material science will make blended wing body designs in traditional heavier-than-air aircraft more feasible, and will help with lifting-body designs for lighter-than-air craft.
Rocketry: focus on reusability and operational efficiency; it's possible to have a first stage booster return to Earth and land vertically to be refueled and flown again. Engines --investigate liquid methane/liquid oxygen designs, designed to support multiple ignition cycles, and the missions that enables. An entire rocket system, designed for both orbital and interplanetary missions, can be reusable. Computer and software advancements, engines that support multiple ignition cycles, and advanced materials for heat shielding are important with this sort of rocket design.
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